Apparatus for producing circulation in steam-boilers.



v. ANDRIOLI. APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING GIRUULATION IN STEAM BOILERS.

APPLIOATION FILED JUNE 17,1908.

Patented Feb. 23, 1909.

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v Q N I V. ANDRIOL I. APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING CIRCULATION IN STEAMBOILERS.

APPLIOATION FILED JUNE 17,1908. 91 3,347. Patented Feb. 23, 1909.

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VITTORIO ANDRIOLI, OF MILAN, ITALY.

APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING- CIRCULA'IION IN STEAM-BOILERS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 23, 1909.

Application filed June 1'7, 1908. Serial No. 439,087.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, VITTORIO ANDRIOLI, a subject of the King of Italy,and resident of 3 Via Metastasio, Milan, Italy, have invented certainnew and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Producing Circulation inSteam-Generators, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to an apparatus for inducing circulation in steamgenerators, especially traveling generators such as locomotives and soforth, by which the water from the coldest part of the generator iscaused to pass along a conduit within the boiler to an evaporatorsubjected to the direct action of the flames, and then caused to returnfrom the evaporator to the hot water space of the generator. It isadvantageous to run also the feed-water into the circulating conduit ofthe generator and thus cause the feed-water to be thoroughly heatedbefore mixing with the boiler-water, while at the same time causing itto precipitate its calcareous constituents.

The apparatus according to my invention comprises a tubular evaporatorplaced above the hearth in the fire-box or furnace and having one endclosed and its other end in communication with the hot water space.WVithin the evaporator is another open tube which leads into theinterior of the generator and to the farther end thereof where it entersa chamber provided in the generator. The chamber is in communicationwith the coldest water space of the generator and receives thefeed-water.

The apparatus produces constant clrculation and increased generation ofsteam and it is particularly useful for locomotives and like boilerswhich by reason of their peculiar design, defective fuel consumption andshort working life, are otherwise uneconomical. In providing a similarapparatus along. each side of the generator, its efficiency is greatlyincreased owing to the enlarged heating surface within the firebox, andthis insures considerable economy in fuel with quick steam raisingcapacity. Further, the deterioration of the copper firebox through thechilling elfect of the feed-water is avoided because the latter entersthe water space of the generator in a highly heated condition, andcannot come in contact with the lower plates of the firebox where theheating tubes are unmounted. In this manncr the life of the material ofthe firebox is greatly prolonged and repairs are less frequent becausethe molecular contractions due to frequent sudden changes in temperature do not occur and the cracking of the copper plates between thefire-tubes which results from these changes is practically avoided.Finally, the apparatus causes the feed water to deposit its calcareousconstituents before entering the generator proper, and so preventsincrustation, 0f the latter, and all the disadvantages resultingtherefrom.

In order that my invention may be clearly understood, I will describethe same fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which-Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section, and Fig. 2 is a horizontalsection of a portion of a steam generator fitted with the circulating,evaporating apparatus, according to the present invention. Fig. 3 showsseveral. cross sections of the tubular evaporator which is fitted in thefire-box. Fig. 4: shows the complete arrangement of the apparatus withinthe steam generator drawn to a smaller scale. Fig. 5 is a part rearelevation, and part vertical section through the fire box. Fig. 6 is across-section taken on the line I-I of Fig. l.

In the upper portion internally of the firebox and at an appropriatedistance from the wall 1 of the fire-tubes so as to insure free accessof the flames to the upper fire-tubes, there is the evaporator 2 whichextends in an inclined direction to the wall 3 of the fire-box. Theinner end of the evaporator communicates at 4 with the hot-water space 5of the generator. The evaporator is fitted with an internal concentrictube 6 which opens into the evaporator 2 and leads into a tube 7 whichextends almost throughout the length of the generator in the water-spacethereof. The tube 7 leads into a closed chamber or vessel 8 from which adip-pipe 9 descends to the coldest strata of the boiler water. The feedwater is also injected into the chamber 8 through an inlet 10.

It is to be noted that the entire apparatus is disposed at about thesame level as the axis of the generator and consequently the evaporatorand the tube 7 are considerably below the low-water mark so that aconstant supply of water is insured.

As the evaporator 2 is exposed to direct action of the fire-gases, thecomparatively thin annular water column within such evaporator becomesquickly heated to a higher temperature to that of water in the waterspace 5; of the boiler. The difierence in temperature thus created willproduce perfect circulation of the water. The hot water passes upward inthe inclined evaporator 2 and then runs through the opening 4 into therear part of the generator while the tubes 6. and 7 constantly supplywater of lower temperature.

When the feed water is stopped, the dippipe 9 supplies the boiler waterto the chamber 8 and so keeps the circulation uninterrupted.Irregularities in the boiler feed are, therefore, automaticallycompensated for by the action of the dip-pipe which controls the entiresystem. With too much feed, the dipip e serves as an overflow, whilewith little eed, extra water will come through the said lpe.

As the feed water passes through the apparatus, its temperature rises ineach section thereof. lVhen the feed water enters the chamber 8, itstemperature will rise immediately and a large proportion of its calcareous constitutents will be precipitated on the floor of the tank byreason of the low velocity of the water. The water passes hence into thetube 7 at about the level of the axial line of the generator and soassumes a higher and higher temperature in its advance toward thefirebox while at the same time precipitating further quantities of limeand magnesium compounds. When it reaches the evaporator it is almiostpure water and is then suddenly heated to the highest temperature andfreed from all traces of impurities. To prevent these impurities frombeing drawn with the current into the boiler, I have provided in theevaporator 2 a plurality of scooped baffies 11 in these difierentsections which in their totality are equal to the sectional area of theannular space of the evaporator. The baffles are so disposed as toprevent the water flowing in a straight path and causing it to separateout all the impurities. The bafiles serve also to hold the tube 6 inposition within the evaporator. The rear end of the evaporator 2 ends ina tube 12 which passes through the rear of the generator and is fittedvwith a tap 13 through which the dirt can be ejected from time to time.The chamber 8 is advantageously formed with an inclined floor with thelower part of which a tap l6 communicates for use in clearing out mud.The chamber 8 and tube 7 have removable inspection covers 14 and 15respectively. As before stated there should be a similar apparatus ateach side of the generator. Obviously, the same arrangement may beadopted in fire-tube boilers whereby the water would be supplied to anevaporator disposed in the fire-tube.

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent i's:

1. Apparatus for producing circulation in steam generators consisting ofan evaporator directly exposed to the firegases, said evaporator havingits one end in communication with the hot water space of the generator,a tube having its one open end within the said evaporator and passingthrough the entire water space of the generator, a closed water chamberarranged in the generator, the said tube being at its other end incommunication with the said water chamber, the feed water inlet tubeleading into said water chamber, the latter being in communication withthe coldest water space of the generator, substantially as set forth.

2. Apparatus for producing circulation in steam generators consisting ofan evaporator directly exposed to the fire-gases, said evaporator havingits one end closed and its other end in communication with the hot waterspace of the generator, a tube concentrically arranged in the saidevaporator and having its one open end next to the closed end of thesaid evaporator, said tube passing through the entire water space of thegenerator, a closed water chamber arranged in the generator and havingan inclined bottom, the said tube being at its other end incommunication with the said water chamber, the feedwater inlet tubeleading into said water chamber, a second tube which opens into saidwater chamber and having its other end in the coldest Water space of thegenerator, substantially as set forth.

3. Apparatus for producing circulation in steam generators consisting ofan evaporator arranged in an inclined position immediately above thefire, a tap which communicates with the lower end of the saidevaporator, the latter having its other end in communication with thehot water space of the generator, a tube concentrically arranged in thesaid evaporator and having its one open end next to the lower end of thesaid evaporator, said tube passing through the entire water space of thegenerator, scooped baffies for holding the said tube in position withinthe said evaporator, a closed water chamber in the generator and havingan in clined bottom, a tap which communicates with the lower part of thelatter, the said tube being connected to the said water chamber, thefeed-Water inlet tube leading signed my name this third day of June1908, into said Water chamber, a second tube in the presence of tWosubscribing wit- Which opens into said Water chamber and nesses.

having its other end in the coldest Water VITTORIO ANDRIOLI. 5 space ofthe generator, substantially as set Vitnesses:

forth. MICHAEL SIERSDERFER, Jr.,

In testimony whereof I have hereunto J. H. READER.

